Template:TOCright Small wind turbines may be as small as a fifty watt generator for boat or caravan use. Small units often have direct drive generators, direct current output, aeroelastic blades, lifetime bearings and use a vane to point into the wind. Larger, more costly turbines generally have geared power trains, alternating current output, flaps and are actively pointed into the wind. Direct drive generators and aeroelastic blades for large wind turbines are being researched.
A small wind turbine can be installed on a roof. Installation issues then include the strength of the roof, vibration, and the turbulence caused by the roof ledge. Small-scale rooftop wind turbines have been known to be able to generate power from 10% to up to 25% of the electricity required of a regular domestic household dwelling.[1]
Small-scale wind power in rural Indiana.
Smaller scale turbines for residential scale use are available, they are usually approximately 7 feet (2 m) to Template:Convert in diameter and produce electricity at a rate of 900 watts to 10,000 watts at their tested wind speed. Some units have been designed to be very lightweight in their construction, e.g. 16 kilograms (35 lb), allowing sensitivity to minor wind movements and a rapid response to wind gusts typically found in urban settings and easy mounting much like a television antenna. It is claimed that they are inaudible even a few feet under the turbine.[2] Dynamic braking regulates the speed by dumping excess energy, so that the turbine continues to produce electricity even in high winds. The dynamic braking resistor may be installed inside the building to provide heat (during high winds when more heat is lost by the building, while more heat is also produced by the braking resistor). The location makes low voltage (around 12 volt) distribution practical.
In the United States, residential wind turbines with outputs of 2-10 kW, typically cost between $12,000 and $55,000 installed ($6 per watt), although there are incentives and rebates available in 19 states that can reduce the purchase price for homeowners by up to 50 percent, to ($3 per watt).[3] The US manufacturer "Southwest Windpower,"[4] estimates a turbine to pay for itself in energy savings in 5 to 10 years.[5]
The American Wind Energy Association has released several studies on the small wind turbine market in the U.S. and abroad, showing that the U.S. continues to dominate the Small Wind industry.[1] According to another organization, the World Wind Energy Association, it is difficult to assess the total number or capacity of small-scaled wind turbines, but in China alone, there are roughly 300,000 small-scale wind turbines generating electricity.[6]
The dominant models on the market, especially in the United States, are horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT).
There have been a number of recent developments of small turbines which could be adapted to home use, including:
- Jacobs Wind International Jacobs Wind.
- The AeroTecture vertical-axis turbine[7]
- The AeroVironment Architectural Wind Project[8][9]
- The piezoelectric windmill project[10]
- The Swift home wind turbine.[11] The Swift project peaked in 2004 and has had some implementation difficulties while promising to be a low-noise/safe roof-mount/low-cost alternative[12]
- The Motorwave micro-wind turbine[13][14][15]
- The Chispito Wind Generator.[16] This small wind turbine was designed to be easily construction from salvaged materials, including a surplus treadmill motor, sewer pipe for blades, and various scrap metal for the mount and tail. [17]
Parts[]
- Blades
- Hub
- DC motor (i.e. permanent magnet motor).
- Diode
- Mount
- Wires
- Tail
Tower[]
- Base
- Pole
- Guys
Template:Expand-section
Loopwing[]
Loopwing turbine is a low-noise, low-vibration and self-stabilizing devices. It is specifically designed for quiet home use. It requires only a Template:Mph breeze to get started [18].
Turbineless devices[]
The Windbelt does not use a turbine for wind power generation [19].
DIY and Open Source Wind Turbines[]
Template:Expand-section Some hobbyists have built wind turbines from kits, sourced components, or from scratch.
Do it yourself or DIY-wind turbine construction has been made popular by magazines such as OtherPower and Home Power,[20] websites as Instructables and Earth4Energy[21], and by TV-series as Jericho and The Time Machine.
DIY-made wind turbines are usually smaller (rooftop) turbines of ~ 1kW or less.[22][23][24] These small wind turbines are usually tilt-up or fixed/guyed towers.[25] [26]However, larger (freestanding) and more powerful windtubines are sometimes built as well. The latter can generate power of up to 10 kW.[27] In addition, people are also showing interest in DIY-construction of wind turbines with special designs as the Savonius, Panemone, wind turbine to boost power generation.[28][29] When compared to similar sized commercial wind turbines, these DIY turbines tend to be cheaper.[30][31]
Through the internet, the community is now able to obtain plans to construct DIY-wind turbines.[32][33][34][35][36][37] and there is a growing trend toward building them for domestic requirements. The DIY-wind turbines are now being used both in developed countries and in developing countries, to help power homes, residences and small businesses. At present, organizations as Practical Action have designed DIY wind turbines that can be easily built by communities in developing nations and are supplying concrete documents on how to do so.[38][39]
Open source[]
- Main article: Open hardware
To assist people in the developing countries, and hobbyists alike, several projects have been open-sourced (e.g. the Jua Kali wind turbine, Hugh Piggot's wind turbine, ForceField Wind Turbine, Chispito Wind Generator[40], etc.).[41]
References[]
- Homebrew Wind Power, Dan Bartmann and Dan Fink, Buckville Publications LLC., released: January 1, 2009, 320 pages,
ISBN: 978-0981920108.
Footnotes[]
Template:Reflist
See also[]
External links[]
- Small wind turbines (Environmental and Energy Study Institute).
- Fact sheet by American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)
- World's small wind turbines
- Chispito Wind Generator (DIY) that can be made from parts in most cities in most countries, throughout the world.
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- ↑ Rooftop wind turbines able to power up to 25% of domestic energy requirements
- ↑ One of the most silent Micro Wind Turbines: Zephyr Airdolphin Z1000
- ↑ Homespun Electricity, From the Wind - New York Times
- ↑ Southwest Windpower
- ↑ Wind turbine, a powerful investment
- ↑ World Wind Energy Association Statistics
- ↑ AeroTecture
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ 'Micro' wind turbines are coming to town, CNET, February 10, 2006, Martin LaMonica
- ↑ Template:Cite news
- ↑ Swift Turbines
- ↑ Better Generation: Swift Rooftop wind energy system discussion
- ↑ Motorwind
- ↑ Lucien Gambarota: Alternative energy pioneer, CNN, 16 April 2007
- ↑ Motorwind Turbines
- ↑ Chispito Wind Generator
- ↑ Make Chispito Wind Generator
- ↑ http://www.metaefficient.com/renewable-power/loopwing-wind-turbine-at-japanese-tradeshow.html
- ↑ http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/oct2008/id2008106_231604.htm?campaign_id=rss_daily
- ↑ OtherPower and Home Power as popular diy microgeneration magazines
- ↑ http://www.earth4energy.com
- ↑ British Wind and Energy Agency's DIY wind turbines page
- ↑ Overview of wind turbine construction and info for proper building
- ↑ VillageEarth AT SourceBook: Wind Generation
- ↑ Smaller wind turbines usually of tilt-up or fixed design
- ↑ Modified Chispito Wind Turbine
- ↑ DIY 10kw freestanding turbine (page 17)
- ↑ Another DIY Savonious wind turbine
- ↑ An improved design of a small savonious wind turbine
- ↑ DIY windturbine for less than 80 dollar
- ↑ Commercial wind turbine for 650 dollar
- ↑ Wind turbine plans from the PESN-database
- ↑ DIY 1000 Watt windturbine example with pictures
- ↑ another DIY windmill-example with pictures
- ↑ Builditsolar wind turbine plans
- ↑ The Backshed Wind turbines plans
- ↑ DIY Wind turbine upgrading
- ↑ Practical action producing info to construct DIY wind turbines for the developing world
- ↑ Basics on diy small scale windturbines and domestic power consumption
- ↑ Chispito Wind Generator
- ↑ Jua Kali Wind Turbines open-sourced